Indian Legal System > Civil Laws > Environmental Laws > Sustainable Development > Polluter Pays Principle Polluter Pays Principle is also known as the principle of extended producer responsibility. With the advent of the modern industrial revolution, the scheme of production in factories added the idea of externalizing the waste. It caused pressure on the […]
Indian Legal System > Civil Laws > Environmental Laws > Sustainable Development > Precautionary Principle Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration, 1992 declares “Where there are threats of serious or irreversible environmental damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation.” The Precautionary Principle […]
Indian Legal System > Civil Laws > Environmental Laws > Sustainable Development > Public Trust Doctrine The origins of the public trust doctrine are traceable to Roman law concepts of common property. Under Roman law, the air, the rivers, the sea, and the seashore were incapable of private ownership; they were dedicated to the use […]
Indian Legal System > Civil Laws > Environmental Laws > Sustainable Development > Intergenerational Equity Principle Intergenerational equity refers to equity between generations, which includes the needs of the future generation in the design and implementation of current policies. Thus intergenerational equity simply means a duty of present generation towards future generations i.e. the present […]
Need of the Act: Though there is a host of legislation in India aimed at protecting the environment from pollution and maintaining the ecological balance, the environment has not so far been considered in its totality. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, enacted under Art. 253 of the Constitution of India to implement the decisions made […]
Indian Legal System > Civil Laws > Environmental Laws > Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 > Hunting Defined (Section 2(16)) Hunting and trapping have been enjoyed by human beings since ancient times. Proponents of hunting and trapping often argue that a subsidiary benefit of these activities is their reduction of wildlife damage. However, the efficacy of […]
Indian Legal System > Civil Laws > Environmental Laws > Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 > Objectives and Features of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 In this article, we shall study the objectives and features of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Constitutional Provisions: Article 48-A of the Constitution says that the State shall endeavour to protect and […]
A variable is any characteristics, number, or quantity that can be measured or counted. A variable may also be called a data item. It is called a variable because the value may vary between data units in a population, and may change in value over time. For example; ‘income’ is a variable that can vary between data units in a population and can also […]
Management > Managerial Statistics > Collection of Primary Data Methods of Collection of Primary Data: Observation Method: In this method, is obtained by direct observation by the investigator without asking from the respondent. This method is free from the willingness of the respondent and hence the possibility of bias on the part of the respondent […]
Management > Managerial Statistics > Stages in the Statistical Survey A statistical survey is a scientific process of collection and analysis of numeric data. Human population survey is used in government, health, social science, and marketing sectors. The need for new data starts when data do not yet exist or when existing data do not […]