There are three types of non-genetic RNA. They are mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. These RNAs are produced on the DNA template by the process called transcription. mRNA or Messenger RNA: The mRNA molecule is always simple and straight without any fold and is transcribed from one strand of DNA. It constitutes 3 to 5 % […]
In this article, we shall study the difference between DNA and RNA, and also the structure of RNA. Differences between RNA molecules and DNA molecule: RNA contains ribose sugar units while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar unit. RNA contains the base uracil while DNA contains thymine. RNA is single-stranded, except in some viruses while DNA is […]
In this article, we shall study the structure of DNA. Each cell in a particular living organism contains the exact same DNA. The size of the DNA polymer is directly related to the complexity of the organism; more complex organisms tend to have larger molecules of DNA, while less complex organisms have smaller DNA. For e.g. […]
Karl Landsteiner in 1900 discovered that blood in all persons is not alike and hence clumping or agglutination occurs on the mixing of blood of certain persons. Blood group is determined by the antigens present on the surface of RBC’s. An antigen is a molecule (in this case a carbohydrate) that acts as a signal, […]
Since the heart relies on aerobic respiration to supply its energy needs, cardiac muscle cells are richly supplied with mitochondria. Our hearts beat about once every second of every day of our lives or over 2.5 million times in an average life span. The only time the heart gets a rest in between beats. Position: […]
Regulation of Cardiac Activity: Normal activities of the heart are regulated in an essential or natural way, meaning it is autoregulated by specialized muscles or the nodal tissue, therefore the heart is called myogenic. A special neural center in the medulla oblongata can moderate the cardiac function through the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Neural signals can […]
In this article, we shall study the origin and measurement of blood pressure. Origin of Blood Pressure: Due to the contraction of the heart and by the muscles that surround our blood vessels, blood moves through our circulation system since it is under pressure by it. The measure of this force is blood pressure. In […]
In this article, we shall study blood vessels and their types: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Study of blood vessels is called Angiology. Blood vessels form a network of blood circulating vessels starting from the heart (left ventricle) arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins back to the heart (right auricle). Arteries and Arterioles: Arteries carry blood from […]
In this article, we shall study types of blood circulation in human body. Pattern of Circulation Our Blood moves through the body in an uninterrupted fashion in the following sequence: 1] Left ventricle 2] systemic circulation (body) 3] right atrium 4] right ventricle 5] pulmonary circulation (lungs) 6] left atrium left ventricle. Double Circulation: Double […]
In this article, we shall study heart-related disorders and heart surgeries Hypertension: Symptoms: A healthy adult has a blood pressure reading of about 120/80 mm Hg (120 mm Hg – systolic and 80 mm Hg – diastolic). This often rises normally with age to about 130/90 at 60. Abnormally high blood pressure is known as […]