Tag: Hybridization

SP Hybridization

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > sp Hybridization The mixing of one s – orbital and one p – orbital of the same atom of nearly same energy to form a set of diagonally arranged two identical hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy is called sp hybridization. These hybrid orbitals […]

Physical Chemistry

SP2 Hybridization

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > sp2 Hybridization Mixing of one ‘s’ orbital and two ‘p’ – orbitals of nearly same energy forming set of trigonally arranged three identical orbitals of equal energy is known as sp2 hybridization. Geometry sp2 Hybridization: The hybrid orbitals are arranged around the central atom in a […]

Physical Chemistry

sp3 Hybridization

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > sp3 Hybridization The mixing of one s-orbital and three p- orbitals of the same atom having nearly the same energy to form four orbitals of equal in all respects and tetrahedrally arranged is known as sp3 hybridization. Geometry of sp3 Hybridization: sp3 hybridized orbitals […]

Physical Chemistry

Hybridization of Orbitals

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Hybridization of Orbitals In this article, we shall study the concept of hybridization of orbitals. This concept overcomes the limitations of valence bond theory. Need for Hybridization Concept: A simple approach based on the overlap of s and p orbitals can be applied […]

Physical Chemistry

Sigma bonds and Pi Bonds

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Sigma and Pi Bonds According to Valence Bond Theory, covalent bonds are of two types a) Sigma bond (σ) and b) Pi bond (π) Sigma bond (σ): The covalent bond formed as a result of an end to end overlap i.e. head-on collision of atomic […]

Tags Axial overlap, Chemistry, Covalent bond, Geometry of molecule, Hybridisation, Hybridization, Lateral overlap, Nature of chemical bond, Overlapping of orbitals, P-P overlap, pi bond, S-P overlap, S-S overlap, sigma bond, Valence bond theory

Physical Chemistry

Overlapping of Orbitals

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Overlapping of Orbitals In this article, we shall study the formation of bonds by overlapping of orbitals and different types of overlaps. Formation of Hydrogen Molecule on The Basis Of Orbital Overlap: The electronic configuration of a hydrogen atom is 1s1. It contains […]

Tags Axial overlap, Chemistry, Covalent bond, Geometry of molecule, Hybridisation, Hybridization, Lateral overlap, Nature of chemical bond, Overlapping of orbitals, P-P overlap, pi bond, S-P overlap, S-S overlap, sigma bond, Valence bond theory

Physical Chemistry

Valence Bond Theory

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Valence Bond Theory Valence bond theory was proposed by Heitler and London in (1927) and it was extended by Pauling and Slater (1931). It is based on the following concepts. The pairing of electrons. Neutralization of opposite electron spins. Overlapping of orbitals containing […]

Tags Axial overlap, Chemistry, Covalent bond, Geometry of molecule, Hybridisation, Hybridization, Lateral overlap, Nature of chemical bond, Overlapping of orbitals, P-P overlap, pi bond, S-P overlap, S-S overlap, sigma bond, Valence bond theory

Genetics

Polygenic Inheritance

Science > Biology > Genetic Basis of Inheritance > Polygenic Inheritance Mendel performed his experiments with garden pea plant, which has traits or alleles having complete dominance and hence the laws of inheritance were proved. Other scientists performed their experiments on different plants and animals and found deviations to Mendelian ratios. Depending upon these experiments and […]

Tags Alleles, Allelomorphs, Back cross, Biology, Biotechnology, Blending dominance, Blood groups in human beings, Botany, Character, Checker board, Clones, Codominance, Complementary genes, Complete dominance, Cross hybrid ratio, Dihybrid, Dihybrid cross, Dominant allele, Dominant trait, Emasculation, F1 Generation, F2 Generation, Factor, Gene, Gene interactions, Genetics, Genome, Genotype, Heredity, Heterologous chromosomes, Heterozygous, Homologous chromosomes, Homozygous, Human skin colour, Hybrid, Hybridization, Incomplete dominance, Inheritance, Interallelic interactions, Intergenic interactions, Intragenic interactions, Lethal genes, Marfan, Mendel, Mendel's dihybrid cross experiment, Mendel's monohybrid cross experiment, Mendel’s laws, Mendelism, Monohybrid, Monohybrid cross, Monohybrid ratio, Morphan's syndrome, Multiple alleles, Nonallelic interactions, Offspring, Partial dominance, Phenotype, Phenylketonuria, PKU, Pleiotropy, Poly-hybrid cross, Polygenic inheritance, Punnett square, Pure line, Qualitative inheritance, Quantitative inheritance, Recessive allele, Recessive trait, Reciprocal cross, Self-breeding, Sickle cell anaemia, Test cross, Theory of blending, Theory of epigenesis, Theory of Pangenesis, Theory of Preformation, Trait, Variations, Wheat kernel colour, Zoology

Genetics

Pleiotropy

Science > Biology > Genetic Basis of Inheritance > Pleiotropy Mendel performed his experiments with garden pea plant, which has traits or alleles having complete dominance and hence the laws of inheritance were proved. Other scientists performed their experiments on different plants and animals and found deviations to Mendelian ratios. Depending upon these experiments and observations, […]

Tags Alleles, Allelomorphs, Back cross, Biology, Biotechnology, Blending dominance, Blood groups in human beings, Botany, Character, Checker board, Clones, Codominance, Complementary genes, Complete dominance, Cross hybrid ratio, Dihybrid, Dihybrid cross, Dominant allele, Dominant trait, Emasculation, F1 Generation, F2 Generation, Factor, Gene, Gene interactions, Genetics, Genome, Genotype, Heredity, Heterologous chromosomes, Heterozygous, Homologous chromosomes, Homozygous, Human skin colour, Hybrid, Hybridization, Incomplete dominance, Inheritance, Interallelic interactions, Intergenic interactions, Intragenic interactions, Lethal genes, Marfan, Mendel, Mendel's dihybrid cross experiment, Mendel's monohybrid cross experiment, Mendel’s laws, Mendelism, Monohybrid, Monohybrid cross, Monohybrid ratio, Morphan's syndrome, Multiple alleles, Nonallelic interactions, Offspring, Partial dominance, Phenotype, Phenylketonuria, PKU, Pleiotropy, Poly-hybrid cross, Polygenic inheritance, Punnett square, Pure line, Qualitative inheritance, Quantitative inheritance, Recessive allele, Recessive trait, Reciprocal cross, Self-breeding, Sickle cell anaemia, Test cross, Theory of blending, Theory of epigenesis, Theory of Pangenesis, Theory of Preformation, Trait, Variations, Wheat kernel colour, Zoology

Genetics

Dominance and Codominance

Post author By Hemant More
Post date March 13, 2020
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Science > Biology > Genetic Basis of Inheritance > Dominance and Codominance Mendel performed his experiments with garden pea plant, which has traits or alleles having complete dominance and hence the laws of inheritance were proved. Other scientists performed their experiments on different plants and animals and found deviations to Mendelian ratios. Depending upon these experiments […]

Tags Alleles, Allelomorphs, Back cross, Biology, Biotechnology, Blending dominance, Blood groups in human beings, Botany, Character, Checker board, Clones, Codominance, Complementary genes, Complete dominance, Cross hybrid ratio, Dihybrid, Dihybrid cross, Dominant allele, Dominant trait, Emasculation, F1 Generation, F2 Generation, Factor, Gene, Gene interactions, Genetics, Genome, Genotype, Heredity, Heterologous chromosomes, Heterozygous, Homologous chromosomes, Homozygous, Human skin colour, Hybrid, Hybridization, Incomplete dominance, Inheritance, Interallelic interactions, Intergenic interactions, Intragenic interactions, Lethal genes, Marfan, Mendel, Mendel's dihybrid cross experiment, Mendel's monohybrid cross experiment, Mendel’s laws, Mendelism, Monohybrid, Monohybrid cross, Monohybrid ratio, Morphan's syndrome, Multiple alleles, Nonallelic interactions, Offspring, Partial dominance, Phenotype, Phenylketonuria, PKU, Pleiotropy, Poly-hybrid cross, Polygenic inheritance, Punnett square, Pure line, Qualitative inheritance, Quantitative inheritance, Recessive allele, Recessive trait, Reciprocal cross, Self-breeding, Sickle cell anaemia, Test cross, Theory of blending, Theory of epigenesis, Theory of Pangenesis, Theory of Preformation, Trait, Variations, Wheat kernel colour, Zoology