Science > Chemistry > Laws of Chemical Combinations > Dalton’s Atomic Theory In this article, we shall study the meaning of physical changes and chemical changes, and the very important concept of chemistry known as dalton’s atomic theory which became a stepping stone in the development of chemistry. Physical Changes and Chemical Changes: Physical Changes: […]
Science > Chemistry > Introduction to Chemistry > Methods of Separation of Mixtures In the last article, we have studied the chemical classification of substances. Most of the available substances in nature are in mixture form. The useful component of the mixture can be obtained by separating individual components of the mixture by a suitable […]
Science > Chemistry > Introduction to Chemistry > Chemical Classification of Substances In the last article, we have studied the significance of chemistry and its branches. In this article, we shall study the chemical classification of substances. Matter and its Different States: The matter is any substances that have mass and that occupies space. There […]
Science > Chemistry > Introduction to Chemistry > Significance of the Study of Chemistry In this article, we shall study the meaning of chemistry and its different branches. What is Chemistry? Science word is derived from the Latin word ‘Scientia’ which means ‘to know’. Science has many disciplines, Chemistry is one of them. It is the […]
Science > Physics > Nuclear Physics > Discovery of Proton and Neutron Before the discovery of the atomic nucleus, there were ideas that all atoms are composed of hydrogen atoms (called by William Prout “protyles”). This hypothesis is known as Prout’s hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the hydrogen atom was the only truly fundamental particles, […]
Science > Physics > Nuclear Physics > Nuclear Structure In this article, we shall discuss the composition of nucleus and concept of nuclear radius, nuclear vlume, and nuclear density. Geiger Marsden Experiment: A narrow beam of alpha particles from the radioactive source was incident on a thin gold foil. The scattering of alpha particles takes […]
Science > Physics > Nuclear Physics > Concept of Radioactive Decay Transformation of radioactive element into another element (radioactive or non-radioactive) is known as radioactive decay or disintegration. In radioactive decay, the nucleus of a radioactive element called parent undergoes a spontaneous change accompanied by the emission of radiation and the formation of the nucleus […]
The Juvenile Justice System is radically different from the Criminal Justice System in view of the fact that the Juvenile Justice System aims to make the juvenile in conflict with the law as a useful member of the society and thus to rehabilitate them. Section 27 of the Code Of Criminal Procedure, 1973 discusses the […]
Science > Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides In this article, we shall study isomerism in alkyl halides and their nomenclature. Isomerism in Haloalkanes: Isomers are the organic compounds, which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula and properties. The phenomenon is called isomerism. Haloalkanes can exhibit the following […]
Science > Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Introduction In this article, we shall study halogen derivatives of alkanes or haloalkanes. Organic Compounds Containing Halogens: If one or more hydrogen atom is replaced in hydrocarbon by an equivalent number of halogen, the compounds obtained are called halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons. Halogen […]