Many substances isolated from resins, balsams, and essential oils possessed a fragrant smell and were found to be different from aliphatic compounds in chemical behaviour. Such substances were called aromatic compounds (Greek Aroma – fragrant smell). All aromatic compounds do not have a fragrant smell while some aliphatic hydrocarbons have a fragrant smell. Hence the […]
In last article, we studied preparations of alkenes. In this article, we shall study reactions of alkanes. Reactivity of Alkanes (Less Reactivity): Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. They do not contain any functional group. Hence they are less reactive. Under normal conditions, they are not acted upon by concentrated acids, alkalies, oxidising agents etc. Branched-chain alkanes […]
In the last article, we have seen what is meant by alkanes, their classification, and nomenclature. In this article we shall study preparations of alkanes by different methods. From Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Preparations of Alkanes From Alkenes: Alkanes are obtained by passing the mixture of alkenes and hydrogen over Raney nickel (Ni), or platinum(Pt) or palladium […]
Science > Chemistry > Introduction to Organic Chemistry > Empirical and Molecular Formulae of Organic Compounds In this article, we shall study the concept of empirical formula and a molecular formula of a compound. Empirical Formula: The empirical formula of a substance represents the simplest relative whole number ratio of the atoms of each element […]
Science > Chemistry > Introduction to Organic Chemistry > Classification of Organic Compounds In the last artivle we have studied what is organic chemistry? Why it is termed as chemistry of carbon compounds nowaday? In this article we shall study classification of organic compounds. Depending upon the structure organic compounds are classified into two types. […]
Science > Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides In the last few articles, we have studied the methods of preparations of alkyl halides. In this article, we shall study the physical properties of alkyl halides. Some physical properties of alkyl halides are as follows: State: Lower […]
Science > Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Preparation of Alkyl Halides by Halide Exchange Method In the last three articles, we have studied the methods of preparations of alkyl halides from alkanes, alkenes, alcohols. In this article, we shall study the method of the preparation of alkyl halids by halide […]
Science > Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Preparation of Alkyl halides From Alcohols In the last two articles, we have studied the methods of preparation of alkyl halides from alkanes and alkenes. In this article, we shall study the preparation of alkyl halides from alcohols. The Action of HX on […]
Science > Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Preparation of Alkyl halides From Alkenes In the last article, we have studied the preparation of alkyl halides from alkanes. In this article, we shall study the preparation of alkyl halides from alkenes (olefins). The Action of HX on Alkenes: It is an […]
Science > Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Preparation of Alkyl Halides From Alkanes In this article, we shall study methods of preparation of alkyl halides from alkanes. Alkyl halides can be prepared from alkanes by their halogenation. General Reaction: R – H + X– X → R – X + […]