Generally, organic compounds are formed by covalent bonds among the constituent atoms. Carbon is tetravalent. It contains four electrons in its valence shell. One carbon can share its valence electrons with other elements or with another carbon to form the covalent bonds. Methane is the simplest organic compound. One carbon atom shares its four electrons […]
Category: Organic Chemistry
Science > Chemistry > Biomolecules > Proteins and Their Classification The name protein (proteios Greek = pre-eminent or first) was first suggested, in 1838, by a Swedish chemist Berzelius to a Dutch chemist Mulder, who referred it to the complex organic nitrogenous substances found in the cells of the living beings. They are naturally occurring nitrogenous polymers of different alpha-amino […]
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Reactions of Alkenes
In the last article, we have studied methods of preparation of alkenes. In this article, we shall study the reactions of alkenes Stability of Alkenes: The stability of alkenes is measured in terms of its heat of hydrogenation. The heat of hydrogenation of an alkene is defined as the amount of heat evolved when one […]
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Preparation of Alkenes
In the last article, we have studied what are alkenes and isomerism in them. In this article, we shall study different methods of preparation of alkenes. Preparation of Alkenes By Dehydration of Alcohols: Alcohols on heating in the presence of dehydrating agents Iike concentrated sulphuric acid or phosphorous pentoxide or anhydrous alumina etc. undergoes a loss […]
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Alkenes: Introduction
In this article, we shall learn about alkanes, isomerism in alkenes. Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only are called hydrocarbons. Examples: Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), Benzene (C6H6), etc. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: The hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are joined form an open chain are called aliphatic hydrocarbons. Examples: Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), etc. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are […]
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Alkanes
In this article, we shall learn about alkanes, isomerism in alkanes. Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only are called hydrocarbons. Examples: Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), Benzene (C6H6), etc. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: The hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are joined form an open chain are called aliphatic hydrocarbons. Examples: Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), etc. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are […]
Science > Chemistry > Introduction to Organic Chemistry > Chemistry of Carbon Compounds Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry, which studies carbon compounds. Organic substances are substances derived from organisms like plants and animals. In the olden days it was assumed that these substances cannot be prepared in laboratories. Berzelius assumed that some vital […]
Science > Chemistry > Biomolecules > Disaccharides and Polysaccharides In the last article, we have studied monosaccharides. In this article, we shall study disaccharides and polysaccharides. Disaccharides: Di-saccharides on hydrolysis give two molecules of monosaccharide. They on hydrolysis with dilute acids or enzymes yield two molecules of either the same or different monosaccharides. e.g. Cane sugar (Sucrose) […]
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Glucose and Fructose
Science > Chemistry > Biomolecules > Glucose and Fructose In the last article, we have seen what are carbohydrates and how are they classified. Based on hydrolysis behaviour the carbohydrates are classified into three types. a) Mono-Saccharides b) Oligo-Saccharides and c) Poly-Saccharides. In this article, we shall study monosaccharides in detail particularly glucose and fructose. […]
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Carbohydrates
Science > Chemistry > Biomolecules > Introduction to Carbohydrates All those simple or complex organic and inorganic substances found in different living forms are collectively called as biomolecules. Biomolecules can be grouped into two types micro and macromolecules. The micro molecules have moderate to low molecular mass. e.g. sugars, amino acids, and their derivatives, vitamins, […]