Category: Pure Sciences

Hybridization of Orbitals

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Hybridization of Orbitals In this article, we shall study the concept of hybridization of orbitals. This concept overcomes the limitations of valence bond theory. Need for Hybridization Concept: A simple approach based on the overlap of s and p orbitals can be applied […]

Physical Chemistry

Sigma bonds and Pi Bonds

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Sigma and Pi Bonds According to Valence Bond Theory, covalent bonds are of two types a) Sigma bond (σ) and b) Pi bond (π) Sigma bond (σ): The covalent bond formed as a result of an end to end overlap i.e. head-on collision of atomic […]

Tags Axial overlap, Chemistry, Covalent bond, Geometry of molecule, Hybridisation, Hybridization, Lateral overlap, Nature of chemical bond, Overlapping of orbitals, P-P overlap, pi bond, S-P overlap, S-S overlap, sigma bond, Valence bond theory

Physical Chemistry

Overlapping of Orbitals

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Overlapping of Orbitals In this article, we shall study the formation of bonds by overlapping of orbitals and different types of overlaps. Formation of Hydrogen Molecule on The Basis Of Orbital Overlap: The electronic configuration of a hydrogen atom is 1s1. It contains […]

Tags Axial overlap, Chemistry, Covalent bond, Geometry of molecule, Hybridisation, Hybridization, Lateral overlap, Nature of chemical bond, Overlapping of orbitals, P-P overlap, pi bond, S-P overlap, S-S overlap, sigma bond, Valence bond theory

Physical Chemistry

Valence Bond Theory

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Valence Bond Theory Valence bond theory was proposed by Heitler and London in (1927) and it was extended by Pauling and Slater (1931). It is based on the following concepts. The pairing of electrons. Neutralization of opposite electron spins. Overlapping of orbitals containing […]

Tags Axial overlap, Chemistry, Covalent bond, Geometry of molecule, Hybridisation, Hybridization, Lateral overlap, Nature of chemical bond, Overlapping of orbitals, P-P overlap, pi bond, S-P overlap, S-S overlap, sigma bond, Valence bond theory

Physical Chemistry

Formation of Covalent Bonds

Post author By Hemant More
Post date March 31, 2020
No Comments on Formation of Covalent Bonds

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Formation of Covalent Bonds In previous articles, we have seen formation of ionic bonds. In this article, we shall study the concept of the formation of a covalent bond. Covalent Bonds or Electron Pair Bonds: A bond established between two identical or different atoms […]

Physical Chemistry

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Post author By Hemant More
Post date March 31, 2020
No Comments on Properties of Ionic Compounds

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Properties of Ionic Compounds In this article, we shall study the properties of ionic compounds. Physical State: Due to strong electrostatic force present between the oppositely charged ions, they are held closer and fixed at specified positions in the crystal lattice. Hence ionic […]

Physical Chemistry

Factors Governing Formation of Ionic Bond

Post author By Hemant More
Post date March 31, 2020
No Comments on Factors Governing Formation of Ionic Bond

Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Factors Governing Formation of Ionic Bond In this article, we shall study the factors affecting the formation of the ionic bond and the concept of variable electrovalency. Ionization energy of Electropositive Atom: It is defined as the amount of energy required to remove the […]

Physics

Conservation of Energy

Science > Physics > Work, Power, and Energy > Conservation of Energy In this article, we shall study the concept of energy, types of mechanical energies, and the law of conservation of energy Energy: Different types of energy are mechanical energy, sound energy, heat energy, light energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, atomic energy, nuclear energy. […]

Tags Conservation of energy, Conservation of mass, Einstein's mass energy relatio, Energy, erg, Hydroelectric power station, joule, kilowatt-hour, Kinetic energy, Mechanical energy, Pair Annihillation, Pair production, Potential energy, Power, Work

Physics

Work and Power

Science > Physics > Work, Power, and Energy > Work and Power In this article, we shall study the concept of work and power. Work: When a force is applied to a body and there is the displacement of the body in the direction of the force or along the direction of the component of […]

Tags Displacement in direction of force, erg, Horsepower, joule, Kilowatt, Negative work, Positive work, Power, Sign of work done, Unit of power, Unit of work, watt, Work, Zero work

Physics

Thermodynamics

Science > Physics > Themodynamics > Laws of Thermodynamics In this article, we shall study the laws of thermodynamics and the concept of work done in a process. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: If two bodies P and Q are in thermal equilibrium and also P and R in thermal equilibrium then Q and R, are […]

Tags Adiabatic process, First law of thermodynamics, Heat engines, Isothermal process, Quasi-Static Process, Refrigerator, Second law of thermodynamics, Thermal equilibrium, Thermodynamics, Zeroth law of thermodynamics