Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Hybridization of Orbitals In this article, we shall study the concept of hybridization of orbitals. This concept overcomes the limitations of valence bond theory. Need for Hybridization Concept: A simple approach based on the overlap of s and p orbitals can be applied […]
Category: Pure Sciences
Sigma bonds and Pi Bonds
Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Sigma and Pi Bonds According to Valence Bond Theory, covalent bonds are of two types a) Sigma bond (σ) and b) Pi bond (π) Sigma bond (σ): The covalent bond formed as a result of an end to end overlap i.e. head-on collision of atomic […]
Overlapping of Orbitals
Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Overlapping of Orbitals In this article, we shall study the formation of bonds by overlapping of orbitals and different types of overlaps. Formation of Hydrogen Molecule on The Basis Of Orbital Overlap: The electronic configuration of a hydrogen atom is 1s1. It contains […]
Valence Bond Theory
Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Valence Bond Theory Valence bond theory was proposed by Heitler and London in (1927) and it was extended by Pauling and Slater (1931). It is based on the following concepts. The pairing of electrons. Neutralization of opposite electron spins. Overlapping of orbitals containing […]
Formation of Covalent Bonds
Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Formation of Covalent Bonds In previous articles, we have seen formation of ionic bonds. In this article, we shall study the concept of the formation of a covalent bond. Covalent Bonds or Electron Pair Bonds: A bond established between two identical or different atoms […]
Properties of Ionic Compounds
Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Properties of Ionic Compounds In this article, we shall study the properties of ionic compounds. Physical State: Due to strong electrostatic force present between the oppositely charged ions, they are held closer and fixed at specified positions in the crystal lattice. Hence ionic […]
Science > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Nature of Chemical Bond > Factors Governing Formation of Ionic Bond In this article, we shall study the factors affecting the formation of the ionic bond and the concept of variable electrovalency. Ionization energy of Electropositive Atom: It is defined as the amount of energy required to remove the […]
Conservation of Energy
Science > Physics > Work, Power, and Energy > Conservation of Energy In this article, we shall study the concept of energy, types of mechanical energies, and the law of conservation of energy Energy: Different types of energy are mechanical energy, sound energy, heat energy, light energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, atomic energy, nuclear energy. […]
Work and Power
Science > Physics > Work, Power, and Energy > Work and Power In this article, we shall study the concept of work and power. Work: When a force is applied to a body and there is the displacement of the body in the direction of the force or along the direction of the component of […]
Thermodynamics
Science > Physics > Themodynamics > Laws of Thermodynamics In this article, we shall study the laws of thermodynamics and the concept of work done in a process. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: If two bodies P and Q are in thermal equilibrium and also P and R in thermal equilibrium then Q and R, are […]