Science > Chemistry > Solutions and Their Colligative Properties
Introduction to Solutions
- Terminology of Solutions
- The concept of Solubility
- Factors that affect solubility
- Types of Solution on the Basis of Size of Solute Particles
- Types of Solution on the Basis of Phases of Solute and Solvent
- Types of Solution on the Basis of Concentrations
Solutions of Solids and Liquids
- A solution of Solid in Liquid
- Factors Affecting Solubility of a Solids in Liquids
- A solution of Solid in Solid
- The concept of Alloys and Amalgams
- A solution of Liquid in Liquid
- Characteristics of miscible liquids
- Solubility Curves
- Percentage by Mass or Mass Percentage (w/w)
- Percentage by Volume (V/V)
- Percentage by Mass by Volume (w/V)
- Parts per million
- Strength or Concentration (Grams per litre)
- Mole Fraction
- Molarity (Molar Concentration)
- Molality
- Normality
- Formality
- Relation Between Mole Fraction, Molality
- Relation Between Mole Fraction, Molarity
- Molarity of Dilution
- Molarity of Mixing
- Relation Between Molarity and Molality
- Relation Between Normality and Molarity
Numerical Problems on Percentage by Mass and Volume
Numerical Problems on Mole Fraction
Numerical Problems on Molarity
Numerical Problems on Molality
Numerical Problems on Normality (To be added)
Numerical Problems (Miscellaneous) (To be added)
Short Cuts For Above Numerical Problems
- Factors Affecting Solubility of Gases in Liquids
- Henry’s Law
- Applications of Henry’s Law
- Limitations of Henry’s Law
- Ideal Solutions
- Non-Ideal Solutions Having Positive Deviations
- Non-Ideal Solutions Having Negative Deviations
- Azeotropes
Colligative Properties
- What Are Colligative Properties?
- The Concept of Vapour Pressure
- Relation Between Vapour Pressure and Temperature
- Clausius Clapeyron Equation
- Lowering of Vapour Pressure
- Reasons for the Lowering of Vapour Pressure
- Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure
- Raoult’s Law, Explanation and Proof
- Relation Between Molar Mass of Solute and Lowering of Vapour Pressure
- Ideal Solutions and Deviations from Raoult’s Law
- Measurement of Lowering of Vapour Pressure, Ostwald and Walker’s Dynamic Method
Numerical Problems on Lowering of Vapour Pressure
Elevation in Boiling Point and Depression in Freezing Point
- Meaning of Boiling Point
- Reason for Elevation of Boiling Point
- Meaning of Freezing Point
- Reason for Depression in Freezing Point
- Semipermeable Membrane
- Osmosis
- Everyday Examples of Osmosis
- Osmotic Pressure
- Abbe Nollet Experiment
- Types of Solutions on the Basis of Osmosis
- Van’t Hoff’s Laws of Osmotic Pressure