Category: Chemistry

Solutions and Their Types

Science > Chemistry > Solutions and Their Colligative Properties > Solutions and Their Types In this article, we shall study the concept of solutions and their types based on phases, composition, etc. The Terminology of Solutions: Solution: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more than two or more components. A solution has […]

Physical Chemistry

Packing Efficiency of Unit Cell

Post author By Hemant More
Post date January 24, 2020
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Science > Chemistry > Solid State > Packing Efficiency of Unit Cell In this article, we shall study the packing efficiency of different types of unit cells. In whatever way the constituent particles atoms, molecules or ions are packed, there is always some free space in the form of voids. The fraction of the total […]

Physical Chemistry

Bravais Lattices

Science > Chemistry > Solid State > Bravais Lattices In this article, we shall study the structures of Bravais Lattices. A crystal is a homogenous portion of a solid substance made of a regular pattern of structural units bonded by plane surfaces making a definite angle with each other. Unit Cell: A unit cell is […]

Tags Body-centered, Bravais Lattices, Chemistry, Coordination number, Crystal lattice, Cubic, Cubic structures, End centered, face-centered, Hexagonal, Mono Clinic, Orthorhombic, Simple primitive, Solid-state, Tetragonal, Triclinic, Unit cell

Physical Chemistry

Problems on Internal Energy Change and Enthalpy Change

Post author By Hemant More
Post date January 21, 2020
1 Comment on Problems on Internal Energy Change and Enthalpy Change

Science > Chemistry > Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics > Change in Internal Energy and Enthalpy In this article, we shall study to calculate the change in internal energy and change in enthalpy in a chemical reaction. Example – 01: For a particular reaction, the system absorbs 6 kJ of heat and does 1.5 kJ of […]

Tags Adiabatic process, Change in enthalpy, Change in internal energy, Chemistry, Constant pressure process, Constant temperature process, Constant volume process, Cyclic process, Enthalpy, Internal energy, Irreversible process, Isobaric process, Isochoric process, Isothermal process, Process, Reversible process

Physical Chemistry

Classification of Crystalline Solids

Post author By Hemant More
Post date January 20, 2020
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Science > Chemistry > Solid State > Classification of Crystalline Solids In this article, we have to study classification of crystalline solids and characteristics of each type. Broadly crystalline solids are classified into 4 types. a) molecular solids, b) ionic solids, c) metallic solids, and d) covalent solids Molecular Solids: Molecular solids are crystalline solids […]

Tags Buckminster fullerene, Chemistry, Covalent solids, Diamond, Graphite, Hydrogen bonded molecular solids, Ionic solids, Metallic solids, Molecular solids, Non-polar molecular solids, Polar molecular solids, Solid-state

Physical Chemistry

Introduction to Solid State

Post author By Hemant More
Post date January 20, 2020
1 Comment on Introduction to Solid State

Science > Chemistry > Solid State > Introduction to Solid State There are three states of matter, solid, liquid and gaseous. Liquids and gases are called fluids because of their ability to flow. The fluidity in both of these states is due to the fact that the molecules are free to move about. The free mobility […]

Tags allotropes, Amorphous solids, Anisotropy, Chemistry, Cleavage, Crystalline solids, Gas, Gaseous, Glass, Isotropy, Liquid, Melting point, Polycrystalline solids, Solid, Solid-state

Physical Chemistry

Gibb’s Energy and Spontaneity

Post author By Hemant More
Post date January 20, 2020
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Science > Chemistry > Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics > Gibb’s Energy and Spontaneity The Concept of Gibb’s Free Energy (G): By the second law of thermodynamics, STotal = ΔSSystm + ΔSSurroundings Thus to decide spontaneity of the process we have to determine the change in entropy of the system and the change in entropy of the surroundings. […]

Tags Chemical Thermodynamics, Chemistry, Entropy, Entropy of fusion, Entropy of vapourization, Gibb Helmhotz equation, Gibb's energy, No-spontaneous process, Spontaneity, Spontaneous process

Physical Chemistry

Concept of Entropy of a System

Post author By Hemant More
Post date January 20, 2020
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Science > Chemistry > Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics > Concept of Entropy of a System In this article, we shall study the concept of entropy and its relation with the spontaneity. Spontaneous Process: The spontaneous process is defined as a process that takes place on its own without external influence. A spontaneous process does not […]

Tags Chemical Thermodynamics, Chemistry, Entropy, Entropy of fusion, Entropy of vapourization, No-spontaneous process, Spontaneity, Spontaneous process

Physical Chemistry

Hess’s Law and its Applications

Post author By Hemant More
Post date January 20, 2020
6 Comments on Hess’s Law and its Applications

Science > Chemistry > Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics > Hess’s Law and its Applications In this article, we shall study Hess’s law and its applications in thermochemistry. Statement : It states that the change in enthalpy accompanying a chemical reaction is independent of the pathway between initial and final states of the chemical reaction. Explanation: […]

Tags Enthalpy of atomization, Enthalpy of combustion, Enthalpy of condensation, Enthalpy of dissociation, Enthalpy of formation, Enthalpy of freezing, Enthalpy of fusion, Enthalpy of hydration, Enthalpy of ionization, Enthalpy of neutralization, Enthalpy of reaction, Enthalpy of solution, Enthalpy of sublimation, Enthalpy of vapourization, Heat of reaction, Hess's law

Physical Chemistry

Bond Enthalpy

Science > Chemistry > Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics > Bond Enthalpy In this article, we shall study the concept of bond enthalpy. During the formation of the bond, energy is evolved or released. Thus the bond formation reaction is exothermic. Due to the release of energy molecule formed is at a low energy level and […]

Tags Bond dissociation enthalpy, Bond enthalpy, Chemistry, Enthalpy