In the last article, we have studied the initial classification of elements. In this article, we shall study the modern periodic table. Moseley’s Criteria: Henry Moseley, a physicist from England in the year 1913, observed that when certain metals were bombarded with high-speed electrons, X-rays are emitted. He studied the frequencies of the X-rays emitted and found that […]
In this article, we shall study the initial classification of elements and Mendeleev’s periodic table. Need for Classification of Elements: With the rapid advance and developments in science, the number of discovered elements increased. Due to a large number of elements, it is difficult to study and remember the behaviour and properties of each and every element. Hence attempts have […]
The gaseous compound formed when dry fluorine gas reacts with dry Hydrogen, gas is called hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride gas on condensation forms liquid hydrogen fluoride which is also referred to as anhydrous hydrogen fluoride or anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. When vapours of hydrogen fluoride are dissolved in water, the resulting aqueous solution is known as […]
In this article, we shall study halogen member fluorine. Fluorine is positioned in Group 17 and the second period of the periodic table. It is highly reactive. Occurrence: Because of extreme reactivity fluorine does not occur in the free state. It occurs as the fluorides (F–) of certain metals such as Calcium and Aluminium. Its […]
Science > Chemistry > Biomolecules > Disaccharides and Polysaccharides In the last article, we have studied monosaccharides. In this article, we shall study disaccharides and polysaccharides. Disaccharides: Di-saccharides on hydrolysis give two molecules of monosaccharide. They on hydrolysis with dilute acids or enzymes yield two molecules of either the same or different monosaccharides. e.g. Cane sugar (Sucrose) […]
Science > Chemistry > Biomolecules > Glucose and Fructose In the last article, we have seen what are carbohydrates and how are they classified. Based on hydrolysis behaviour the carbohydrates are classified into three types. a) Mono-Saccharides b) Oligo-Saccharides and c) Poly-Saccharides. In this article, we shall study monosaccharides in detail particularly glucose and fructose. […]
Science > Chemistry > Biomolecules > Introduction to Carbohydrates All those simple or complex organic and inorganic substances found in different living forms are collectively called as biomolecules. Biomolecules can be grouped into two types micro and macromolecules. The micro molecules have moderate to low molecular mass. e.g. sugars, amino acids, and their derivatives, vitamins, […]
A few elements like carbon, sulphur, gold, platinum, copper, silver, mercury and noble gases, occur in the free state while others in combined forms like oxides, sulphides, carbonates, sulphates, silicates etc. in the earth’s crust. Metallurgy is a branch of chemistry that deals with the processes that are used for the extraction of metals in […]
In this article, we shall study the meaning of environmental chemistry and also about pollution and pollutants. Environment means all that environs i.e. surrounds us. Different organisms live in different types of surroundings such as air, water, and soil. Different kinds of living organisms share these surroundings with others. An environment can be defined as […]
The electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions is called the ionic bond or electrovalent bond. This bond is formed between two atoms whose electronegativity difference is large and they can attain octets by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. The atom which loses electrons is […]