Science > Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Introduction In this article, we shall study halogen derivatives of alkanes or haloalkanes. Organic Compounds Containing Halogens: If one or more hydrogen atom is replaced in hydrocarbon by an equivalent number of halogen, the compounds obtained are called halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons. Halogen […]
Science > Chemistry > Redox Reactions > Oxidation Number or Oxidation State Oxidation Number OR Oxidation State: The donation of electrons is called the oxidation and the gain of electrons is called the reduction. Oxidation and reduction can further be explained by a knowledge of “Oxidation number”. The oxidation state of an atom in its […]
Science > Chemistry > Redox Reactions > Introduction to Redox Reactions In this article we shall study about redox reactions, in which both the oxidation and reduction reactions take place simultaneously. Oxidation: Old Concept: It is a process in which addition of oxygen takes place. 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO It is a […]
Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Applications of Colloids Natural Applications of Colloids: Blue Colour of Sky: When the light is incident on particles whose size is smaller than the wavelength of light, it is scattered. The blue colour of the sky is due to the scattering of light by small particles (dust particles along […]
Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Emulsions A colloidal system in which both the dispersed phase as well as dispersion medium are immiscible or partially miscible liquids is called an emulsion. e.g. Milk, cod liver oil, oil paints, vanishing cream, cold creams, etc. are emulsions. Generally, one of the two liquids is water and the […]
Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Gels A gel is a colloidal system in which the dispersed phase is liquid and the dispersion medium is solid. e.g. when warm sol of gelatin is cooled, it sets to a semi-solid mass which is a gel. Jellies, jams, curd, butter, shoe polish, etc. are gels. The interior […]
Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Coagulation of Colloidal Solution The process of precipitation of colloidal particles due to aggregation of the particles is called coagulation or flocculation. Explanation: The presence of the same type of electric charge on colloidal particles causes repulsion and keep them in a suspended state. If by some means, the […]
Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Charge on Colloidal Particles The colloidal particles carry an electric charge. The most important property of colloidal solution is that all suspended particles possess either positive or a negative charge. i.e. they carry the same nature of the charge. The mutual forces of repulsion between similarly charged particles prevent […]
Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Properties of Colloids In this article, we shall study the general, mechanical and optical properties of colloids. General Properties of Colloids: Heterogenous Character: The ultramicroscopic examination indicates that colloidal dispersion is a heterogeneous system consisting of a continuous dispersion medium and discontinuous disperse phase. Visibility: Colloidal particles cannot be seen […]
Science > Physics > Electrostatics > Electric Potential Electric Potential at a Point: The electric potential at any point in the electric field is defined as the work that must be done by the external force to move unit positive charge from infinity to that point without acceleration. If W is the work done in […]