Categories
Physical Chemistry

Chemical Classification of Substances

Science > Chemistry > Introduction to Chemistry > Chemical Classification of Substances In the last article, we have studied the significance of chemistry and its branches. In this article, we shall study the chemical classification of substances. Matter and its Different States: The matter is any substances that have mass and that occupies space. There […]

Categories
Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides

Science > Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides In this article, we shall study isomerism in alkyl halides and their nomenclature. Isomerism in Haloalkanes:  Isomers are the organic compounds, which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula and properties. The phenomenon is called isomerism. Haloalkanes can exhibit the following […]

Categories
Organic Chemistry

Introduction to Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes

Science > Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes > Introduction In this article, we shall study halogen derivatives of alkanes or haloalkanes. Organic Compounds Containing Halogens:  If one or more hydrogen atom is replaced in hydrocarbon by an equivalent number of halogen, the compounds obtained are called halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons. Halogen […]

Categories
Physical Chemistry

Oxidation Number or Oxidation State

Science > Chemistry > Redox Reactions > Oxidation Number or Oxidation State Oxidation Number OR Oxidation State: The donation of electrons is called the oxidation and the gain of electrons is called the reduction. Oxidation and reduction can further be explained by a knowledge of “Oxidation number”. The oxidation state of an atom in its […]

Categories
Physical Chemistry

Introduction to Redox Reactions

Science > Chemistry > Redox Reactions > Introduction to Redox Reactions In this article we shall study about redox reactions, in which both the oxidation and reduction reactions take place simultaneously. Oxidation: Old Concept: It is a process in which addition of oxygen takes place. 2Mg + O2  →      2MgO It is a […]

Categories
Physical Chemistry

Applications of Colloids

Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Applications of Colloids Natural Applications of Colloids: Blue Colour of Sky: When the light is incident on particles whose size is smaller than the wavelength of light, it is scattered. The blue colour of the sky is due to the scattering of light by small particles (dust particles along […]

Categories
Physical Chemistry

Emulsions

Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Emulsions A colloidal system in which both the dispersed phase as well as dispersion medium are immiscible or partially miscible liquids is called an emulsion. e.g. Milk, cod liver oil, oil paints, vanishing cream, cold creams, etc. are emulsions. Generally, one of the two liquids is water and the […]

Categories
Physical Chemistry

Gels

Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Gels A gel is a colloidal system in which the dispersed phase is liquid and the dispersion medium is solid. e.g. when warm sol of gelatin is cooled, it sets to a semi-solid mass which is a gel. Jellies, jams, curd, butter, shoe polish, etc. are gels. The interior […]

Categories
Physical Chemistry

Coagulation of Colloidal Solution

Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Coagulation of Colloidal Solution The process of precipitation of colloidal particles due to aggregation of the particles is called coagulation or flocculation. Explanation: The presence of the same type of electric charge on colloidal particles causes repulsion and keep them in a suspended state. If by some means, the […]

Categories
Physical Chemistry

Electrical Properties of Colloids

Science > Chemistry > Colloids > Charge on Colloidal Particles The colloidal particles carry an electric charge. The most important property of colloidal solution is that all suspended particles possess either positive or a negative charge. i.e. they carry the same nature of the charge. The mutual forces of repulsion between similarly charged particles prevent […]